Cardiac catheterization is a medical procedure that involves using a thin, flexible tube called a catheter to diagnose and treat heart conditions. This procedure is typically performed in a hospital by a team of specialized medical professionals, including cardiologists and cardiovascular technicians.
During cardiac catheterization, the catheter is inserted into a blood vessel in the arm, groin, or neck and threaded through the blood vessels to the heart. Once the catheter is in place, the doctor can inject contrast dye and take X-ray images of the heart and blood vessels to identify any blockages or abnormalities. This can help diagnose conditions such as coronary artery disease, aortic stenosis, and heart valve problems.
In addition to diagnosis, cardiac catheterization can also be used to treat certain heart conditions. One common procedure performed during cardiac catheterization is angioplasty, which involves inflating a tiny balloon at the tip of the catheter to open up a narrowed or blocked artery. In some cases, a stent (a small metal mesh tube) may be inserted to help keep the artery open.
Another procedure that can be performed during cardiac catheterization is the insertion of a pacemaker or implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD). These devices can help regulate the heart’s rhythm and prevent life-threatening arrhythmias.
Cardiac catheterization is a relatively safe procedure, but it does carry some risks, including bleeding, infection, and damage to the blood vessels or heart. Patients are typically monitored closely before, during, and after the procedure to minimize these risks.
Before undergoing cardiac catheterization, patients will likely need to undergo a series of tests, such as blood tests, electrocardiograms, and imaging studies, to ensure that they are good candidates for the procedure. They may also need to refrain from eating or drinking for a certain period of time before the procedure.
In conclusion, cardiac catheterization is a valuable tool for diagnosing and treating a wide range of heart conditions. It can provide important information about the function and structure of the heart, and it can help improve blood flow to the heart in patients with blocked arteries. While the procedure carries some risks, it is generally safe and well-tolerated by most patients. If you have concerns about your heart health, talk to your doctor about whether cardiac catheterization may be appropriate for you.